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C / C++
C Library Path
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$ echo '#include <sys/types.h>'' | gcc -E -x c - | grep '/types.h'
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Vangrind
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$ valgrind --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes --leak-resolution=med ./a.out
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Return Address on Stack in Windows
An alternative way to get the nearest return address in current stack frame (besides _ReturnAddress and _AddressOfReturnAddress) without manually walking the stack:
retaddr.cpp
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#include <intrin.h>
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#include <windows.h>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <iomanip>
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​
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// https://github.com/mgeeky/ThreadStackSpoofer/blob/f67caea38a7acdb526eae3aac7c451a08edef6a9/ThreadStackSpoofer/header.h#L38-L45
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template<class... Args>
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void log(Args... args)
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{
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    std::stringstream oss;
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    (oss << ... << args);
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    std::cout << oss.str() << std::endl;
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}
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​
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// https://github.com/mgeeky/ThreadStackSpoofer/blob/f67caea38a7acdb526eae3aac7c451a08edef6a9/ThreadStackSpoofer/main.cpp#L13-L14
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void addressOfReturnAddress() {
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    auto pRetAddr = (PULONG_PTR)_AddressOfReturnAddress(); // https://doxygen.reactos.org/d6/d8c/intrin__ppc_8h_source.html#l00040
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    log("Original return address via _AddressOfReturnAddress: 0x", std::hex, std::setw(8), std::setfill('0'), *pRetAddr);
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}
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​
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// https://stackoverflow.com/a/1334586/6253579
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void rtlCaptureStackBackTrace() {
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    typedef USHORT(WINAPI* CaptureStackBackTraceType)(__in ULONG, __in ULONG, __out PVOID*, __out_opt PULONG);
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    CaptureStackBackTraceType RtlCaptureStackBackTrace = (CaptureStackBackTraceType)(GetProcAddress(LoadLibrary("ntdll.dll"), "RtlCaptureStackBackTrace"));
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​
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    void* callers[2] = { NULL };
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    int count = (RtlCaptureStackBackTrace)(1, 2, callers, NULL);
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    log("Original return address via RtlCaptureStackBackTrace: 0x", std::hex, std::setw(8), std::setfill('0'), (DWORD64)callers[0]);
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}
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​
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int main(int argc, char** argv)
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{
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    addressOfReturnAddress();
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    rtlCaptureStackBackTrace();
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    return 0;
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}
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Return Address on Stack in Windows